• Alcohol intoxication: drowsiness, psychomotor dysfunction, disinhibition, dysarthria, ataxia, nystagmus; severe overdosage leads to respiratory depression, stupor, coma • Acute alcohol withdrawal: anxiety, decreased cognition, tremulousness, vital sign abnormalities, seizures • Delirium tremens (usually 24–72 hours after last drink): mental confusion, tremor, sensory hyperacuity, visual hallucinations, diaphoresis, dehydration, seizures • Stigmata of cirrhosis: spider angiomas, ascites, palmar erythema, gynecomastia, caput medusa • Opioid intoxication: euphoria, drowsiness, nausea, meiosis • Opioid overdosage: respiratory depression, peripheral vasodilatation, pinpoint pupils, pulmonary edema, coma, and death • Opioid withdrawal: craving, anxiety; yawning, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, perspiration; mydriasis, piloerection, anorexia, tremors, hot and cold flashes, aching; vital sign abnormalities; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea