Cardiovascular disorder exam

Mrs. Evans, a 58-year-old woman, presents to the emergency department with complaints of sharp, stabbing chest pain  with referral to the trapezius ridge, neck, which is worse during inspiration
Based on Mrs. Evans's presentation and the findings, select the three most appropriate responses related to the auscultatory finding.

You're a charge nurse in the Vascular Diagnostic Center at Riverdale Clinic.
Today is especially busy, with multiple procedures and tests scheduled, and a group of patients waiting for their appointments. One of your most experienced assistive personnel (AP), Alex, approaches you, offering assistance to ensure the efficient flow of procedures. As a nurse, you need to delegate a task to Alex but must ensure it's both within his scope of practice and appropriate for his skill set.

Given the current patient lineup, which of these tasks associated with vascular testing would be the most appropriate to delegate to Alex?

Mr. Anderson, a 62-year-old male, has been admitted to the cardiology ward for evaluation of recent episodes of dyspnea and palpitations. This morning, his cardiologist examined his recent ECG and decided to get a detailed view of the heart to rule out any structural abnormalities.  Given the urgency of the procedure, you prioritize your nursing interventions.
Which of the following actions will you take first to prepare Mr. Anderson for the TEE?

Sarah, a 37-year-old woman, comes to the clinic with complaints of pain, warmth, redness, and swelling in her left calf. She mentions having recently traveled on a long-haul flight. She also has a history of oral contraceptive use. Given her presentation and history, thrombophlebitis is suspected.

Considering Sarah's presentation and potential diagnosis of thrombophlebitis, which combination of diagnosis, parameter to monitor, and nursing action would be most appropriate?

       Parameters to Monitor                                         Potential Diagnosis                                                    Nursing Actions

Mr. Henderson, a 72-year-old gentleman, has been under observation for a potential cardiac issue. He's been diagnosed with aortic stenosis. During a routine examination by the nurse in the cardiac ward, several findings are documented.
Which of the following findings in Mr. Henderson, who has aortic stenosis, will be most crucial for the nurse to report to the health care provider?

During a community health fair, you're asked to demonstrate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) steps on a manikin.
Which of the following is the correct sequence for performing CPR on an adult?

John, a 45-year-old male, presents to the clinic for a routine checkup. Lately, he mentions having some shortness of breath when going up to the second floor of his house, and he finds it hard to be inside the freezer of his butcher shop without feeling chest pain."


Based on his symptoms, coronary artery disease is suspected, and it is determined that and are risk factors in this CAD case.

The nurse anticipates that John should receive  and  as a treatment for his condition."

Ms. Martinez, a 58-year-old woman, is preparing for discharge after being admitted for acute exacerbation of heart failure.
She lives alone and manages her own medications and daily activities. The nurse is reviewing Ms. Martinez's discharge plan to ensure she is well-prepared for self-care at home.
Which topics will the nurse prioritize in discharge teaching for Ms. Martinez related to her heart failure? Select all that apply.

Mr. Patel, a 55-year-old male, has recently survived an MI.
Which of the following nursing actions is most appropriate to support Mr. Patel?

You're beginning your shift as the charge nurse on the coronary step-down unit at the Heart Institute. As you gather information during the handover, you're presented with a snapshot of four patients who require attention.
Each patient has unique conditions and needs, and your priority is to ensure the best possible care.
As you evaluate the information, you need to determine which patient to assess first to ensure optimal outcomes.

Which of these patients would you prioritize for assessment based on their current status and potential risk?

Mrs. Anderson, a 64-year-old woman, comes to the emergency department with a primary complaint of chest discomfort. She describes it as a squeezing sensation that began while she was gardening. The pain radiated to her left arm and was accompanied by shortness of breath and nausea. Mrs. Anderson reports that the discomfort lasted for about 20 minutes and then subsided. She also notes that she's had a few similar episodes in the past week that resolved with rest but is worried since today's episode was more prolonged.
Based on Mrs. Anderson's presentation: Complete the diagram by selecting from the choices below to specify which potential condition the client is most likely experiencing, 2 actions to take, and 2 parameters the nurse would monitor to assess the client’s condition.

Parameter to monitor                                               Diagnosis                                                               Nursing actions to take

Ms. Mitchell, a 62-year-old woman with a past medical history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, presents to the emergency department with a sudden onset of severe chest pain. She describes the pain as a sharp, "tearing" sensation that started abruptly a few hours ago. The pain is primarily located in her upper chest and radiates to her upper back, between the shoulder blades.
She reports feeling short of breath and also mentions a mild headache. Ms. Mitchell has no history of similar symptoms in the past.

Given her presentation, which type of chest pain(ischemic or not ischemic) is Ms. Mitchell most likely experiencing, and what is the initial therapeutic goal for Ms. Mitchell? Select all that apply

Samuel, a 22-year-old college athlete, presents to the cardiology clinic for a routine check-up.
He has recently been experiencing episodes of dizziness after intense physical activity. He has no known heart diseases but mentions that his father was diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in his early 40s.
Upon further diagnostic evaluation, Samuel is diagnosed with HCM.
Given the new diagnosis and his active lifestyle, the nursing team starts to consider the most crucial preventive actions they should teach Samuel to manage and potentially mitigate the progression or complications of HCM.

Which of the following are the most important nursing preventive actions for a patient diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?     Select all that apply

David, a 59-year-old lawyer, presents to the emergency department with complaints of chest pain that started about 3 hours ago. The pain is described as a tight, squeezing sensation radiating to his left arm.
With a suspicion of an acute coronary event, the healthcare provider orders laboratory tests, including cardiac troponin T and cardiac troponin I.

Which of the following statements about cardiac troponin T and cardiac troponin I are correct? Select all that apply

Sophie, a 62-year-old woman, presents to the cardiology clinic with complaints of progressive shortness of breath and overwhelming fatigue over the past month. She's concerned because these symptoms have limited her daily activities and disrupted her sleep. She shares that she has had to prop up more pillows to breathe comfortably at night and has noted swelling in her ankles by the evening. On examination, there is slight bilateral ankle edema, and upon auscultation, there are crackles in the lower lung lobes. The cardiologist is suspecting heart failure and orders a series of lab tests to assist in the diagnosis.

From the following lab tests, which will be the most useful to monitor in relation to a potential diagnosis of heart failure?

Ana, a 29-year-old graphic designer, presents to the emergency department with a 10-day history of fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath. She recently returned from a camping trip and recalls being bitten by several ticks.
A diagnosis of acute myocarditis is suspected. As the medical team starts treatment, the nursing staff plans for important actions considering both the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of care, with special emphasis on infection control measures to prevent further complications.

Which of the following are the most important nursing actions for a patient diagnosed with suspected acute myocarditis with a focus on infection control? Select all that apply 

Alex, a 49-year-old male, presents to the emergency department with complaints of sharp, stabbing chest pain that worsens with deep inhalation and when lying flat. He mentions a recent bout of the flu two weeks ago.
On auscultation, a friction rub is noted. An ECG confirms pericarditis.
Before undergoing further diagnostic tests and starting his treatment, the healthcare team needs to ensure he is positioned appropriately to alleviate his pain and optimize the diagnostic procedures.

Which of the following positions is the most appropriate for a patient diagnosed with pericarditis for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes?

Emma, a 72-year-old woman, has just undergone a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure. After an initial recovery period in the cardiac surgical unit, she is now stable and set to be transferred to a step-down unit for continued care and monitoring.
The nursing team prepares for her transfer to ensure continuity of care and a smooth transition.
Which of the following elements are essential when transferring Emma from the cardiac surgical unit?    Select all that apply

The nurse is performing the morning assessment on a patient who has breast cancer. The patient says her gown feels tight and uncomfortable at the neckline. She also reports feeling uneasy and having a restless night with mild shortness of breath and a dry cough.

Complete the sentences by choosing the most probable option for the omitted information that corresponds with the same numbered list of options provided.

The nurse suspects an oncology emergency and assesses the patient for additional signs and symptoms of .
The priority nursing assessment is
  would be an ominous sign for this oncology emergency. The first nursing action is to