Flash.CV. HTN. Emergency

Welcome to your Flash.CV. HTN. Emergency

Flashcard# 1 CV. Emergency

In which critical medical condition, characterized by extremely elevated blood pressure with evidence of target organ damage, would rapid-acting antihypertensive drugs be indicated?

Hypertensive emergency.

Flashcard# 2 CV. Emergency

What is a potential side effect of sodium nitroprusside, an intravenous antihypertensive, when used in high doses or for prolonged periods?

Cyanide toxicity.

Flashcard# 3 CV. Emergency

Which common side effect, characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, is associated with rapid-acting antihypertensive agents?

Orthostatic hypotension.

Flashcard# 4 CV. Emergency

When using nitroglycerin for hypertensive emergencies, which precaution is necessary due to its drug-drug interactions?

It should not be given to patients who have recently taken sildenafil (Viagra) or other similar medications because of the risk of severe hypotension.

Flashcard# 5 CV. Emergency

Why is it crucial to adjust the dose or avoid the use of labetalol in patients with asthma?

Labetalol, being a non-selective beta-blocker, can cause bronchoconstriction and exacerbate asthma.

Flashcard# 6 CV. Emergency

Before starting an IV infusion for a hypertensive emergency, what initial step should the nurse ensure?

Ensure that an arterial line or frequent automated blood pressure monitoring is in place to closely monitor the patient's blood pressure.

Flashcard# 7 CV. Emergency

If a hypertensive patient reports a headache while receiving intravenous antihypertensives, how should the nurse respond?

Assess the severity and characteristics of the headache, monitor blood pressure closely, and notify the physician. Rapid reduction of BP can lead to cerebral hypoperfusion, manifesting as a headache.

Flashcard# 8 CV. Emergency

When administering antihypertensive drugs during a hypertensive emergency, what is the general target for blood pressure reduction in the first hour?

The goal is usually to reduce mean arterial pressure by 10-20% or to achieve a target blood pressure of 160/100-110 mmHg in the first hour.

Flashcard# 9 CV. Emergency

For a patient receiving IV nicardipine for a hypertensive emergency, which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor for as a potential side effect?

Hyperglycemia, as nicardipine can inhibit insulin release.

10.

Flashcard# 10 CV. Emergency

When transitioning a patient from IV antihypertensives to oral agents post hypertensive emergency stabilization, what is a crucial nursing consideration?

Ensure that there is a gradual and monitored transition to avoid rebound hypertension and ensure that the oral medications achieve adequate blood pressure control.

11.

Flashcard# 11 CV. Emergency

In which scenarios is sodium nitroprussiate most commonly administered?

Sodium nitroprussiate is primarily used for acute hypertensive emergencies to achieve rapid and controlled blood pressure reduction.

12.

Flashcard# 12 CV. Emergency

What serious toxic effect is associated with the prolonged use or high doses of sodium nitroprussiate?

Cyanide toxicity.

13.

Flashcard# 13 CV. Emergency

Besides cyanide toxicity, what other toxic effect, related to the metabolism of sodium nitroprussiate, should clinicians be aware of?

Thiocyanate toxicity, which can lead to symptoms like tinnitus, altered mental status, and hyperreflexia.

14.

Flashcard# 14 CV. Emergency

Why should sodium nitroprussiate be protected from light during storage and administration?

Exposure to light can cause decomposition of the drug, reducing its efficacy and potentially leading to the release of cyanide.

15.

Flashcard# 15 CV. Emergency

When administering sodium nitroprussiate, what essential monitoring parameters should the nurse focus on to ensure patient safety?

Continuous blood pressure monitoring, signs of cyanide or thiocyanate toxicity, and regular assessment of acid-base status and oxygen saturation.

16.

Flashcard# 16 CV. Emergency

which is the antidote for nitroprussiate toxicity?

The antidote for cyanide toxicity is sodium thiosulfate. Sodium thiosulfate promotes the conversion of toxic cyanide to thiocyanate, which is less toxic and can be excreted in the urine. In situations of severe cyanide poisoning, other treatments, such as hydroxocobalamin (a form of vitamin B12), may also be considered.

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