Flash. Neuro anticonvulsant drugs

Phenytoin is primarily indicated for the management of tonic-clonic (grand mal) and complex partial (psychomotor) seizures.

Gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of the gums) can occur with long-term use.

Alcohol can increase the serum levels of Phenytoin, potentially leading to toxicity.

Apart from seizures, it's also indicated for trigeminal neuralgia and bipolar disorder.

White blood cell count, as Carbamazepine can cause agranulocytosis.

Dizziness and drowsiness.

Cannabinoids are often prescribed for pain management, especially in cancer patients, for spasticity in multiple sclerosis, and to manage nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy.

They should avoid alcohol, as it can intensify the drug's sedative effect.

Liver function tests, as the drug can lead to liver toxicity.

Thrombocytopenia (reduced platelet count).

Salicylates, like aspirin.

Serious skin rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Patients with bipolar disorder to delay the time to occurrence of mood episodes.

Behavioral abnormalities, including agitation and aggression.

Yes, dose adjustments are needed in patients with renal impairment.

Myoclonic seizures in adults and children.

The potential for decreased sweating and increased body temperature, especially in children.

Migraine prevention.

It can decrease their effectiveness.

Neuropathic pain.

Gradually over at least a week to prevent withdrawal seizures.

Dizziness and drowsiness.

Fibromyalgia.

When combined with opioids, there's an increased risk of respiratory depression.

Regular dental check-ups, emphasizing the importance of good oral hygiene practices (including brushing, flossing, and using mouthwash), and considering a dental referral for patients on long-term phenytoin therapy can help in preventing or managing gingival hyperplasia.

Common side effects include dizziness, dry mouth, mood changes, impaired memory and concentration, hallucinations, and paradoxical increased anxiety or paranoia.

Patients with a history of psychosis or other severe psychiatric disorders should use cannabinoids with caution, as they can exacerbate symptoms or trigger the onset of these disorders.

It's vital to instruct patients that the onset of effects from edibles can be delayed, sometimes taking up to 2 hours or longer, and lasting longer than other forms. As a result, they should avoid consuming additional amounts in short intervals to prevent unintentional overdose or exacerbated side effects.

Phenytoin is associated with fetal hydantoin syndrome, which may lead to a pattern of congenital anomalies including craniofacial abnormalities, nail and digit hypoplasia, growth abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental delays.

Nurses should educate patients on the potential teratogenic risks of phenytoin, emphasize the importance of effective contraception, collaborate with healthcare providers to consider alternative medications if appropriate, and encourage preconception counseling and regular prenatal care for those planning or experiencing pregnancy.